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Anuradhapura South

2/28/2018

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Tissa Wewa in Anuradhapura SouthTissa Wewa in Anuradhapura South
Access to the archaeological zone of Anuradhapura is only permitted with a valid ticket. An exception from this rule is a visit of the area to the south of the B234 road, which runs just to the south of Mirisaveti Dagoba and the Sacred Bo Tree. There are several archaeological sites in Anuradhapura South. Except from Isurumuniya, which charges a separate entry free not included in the Anuradhapura ticket, all sites are open to the public free of charge. That’s why we recommend to use the Anuradhapura ticket for a full day in the central and northern part of the archaeological park, comprising Ruwanweliseya, Abhayagiri and citadel in particular, whereas the historical sites in southern Anuradhapura can be visited without additional charges on another half-day excursion. Besides the ancient Tissa Wewa tank, there are four archaeological sites in Anuradhapura South which can count as places of interest for cultural tours.

Dakkhina Dagaba in Anuradhapura South
The Dakkhina Dagaba, which translates to „southern stupa“ is a medium-sized brick monument not restaured in a modern fashion, although it is a sacred site of historic significance for Sinhalese people, as it is believed to be the tomb of Dutugemunu (Dutthagamani), the national hero. It was considered to be the tomb of his Tamil opponent Elara by earlier archaeologists. Actually, the site could have been the place where the two opponents faught the decisive duel ending with the defeat and death of Elara. The stone pillars surrounding the stupa of Dakkhina Dagaba carry some typical carvings from the Anuradhapura period, such as a depiction of Kubera, the deity of wealth.

Isurumuniya rock temple in Anuradjapura South
Not far away from Dakkhina Dagoba is the rock temple of Isurumuniya, which is the most-visited site in Anuradhapura South. It’s a remarkable sanctuary for various reasons. This sacred site seems to have been heavily influenced by local cults and by Hinduism. It is now famous for ist rock carvings many of which are excellent works of art and some of which are quite unique. The depiction of a loving couple, now on display in the museum attached to Isurumuniya Temple, is very famous in Sri Lanka. It is said to represent Prince Saliya and his girlfriend Ashokamala, the Romeo and Juliette of ancient Sri Lanka. A man with a horse behind him is a quite enigmatic relief just beside the main rock shrine. At the foot of the rock is a pond. Here you can see carvings depicting bathing elephants.

Ranmasu Uyana Goldfish Park in Anuradhapura South
Just north to the famous Isurumuniya temple is Ranmasu Uyana, the „Goldfish Park“, which is a less crowded side. Is was a rock boulder garden with some artificial ponds already in ancient times and the atmophere is pleasant till the present day. It’s said to be the place where Saliya and Ashokamala fell in love. Excellent elephant carvings can be seen here, too. A little bit hidden is a very extrordinary relief depicting a kind of spiritual map. It’s the oldest map in South Asia. Modern esoterics believe that it is a star gate allowing you to get access to other planets. So be careful not to disappear from our earth when visiting this place.

Vessagiriya in Anuradhapura South
To the south of Isurumuniya is another rock temple which once served as a Buddhist monastery. It’s called Vessagiriya now. You will find lots of rock shelters with ancient inscriptions in Brahmi letters and also some ruins of monastic buildings within this picturesque ensemble of boulders. Vessagiriya is one of the very few places besides Sigiriya, where traces of rock paintings from the first millennium can be seen in Sri Lanka. They are not well-preserved and not easy to detect but well worth climbing into the cave system. The best time to visit Vessagiriya is the evening, whereas the morning is definitely the best time to see the nearby Isurumuniya temple.

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Ruins of St. Anthony's Church in the sand dunes of Manalkadu

2/27/2018

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St. Anthony's Church in Manalkadu sand dunes
St Anthony’s Church is a ruin of a Dutch colonial building. It’s the rare example of a church built of coral stone. Parts of the remnants are covered by sand. This area belongs to the longest sand dune of Sri Lanka. The name of the location, Manalkadu, translates to sand-bush.
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Dodan Ella near Kuruwita

2/26/2018

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Dodam Ella waterfalls near Kuruwita in Ratnapura District
Dodan Ella, also spelt ‚Dodam Ella‘ and pronounced ‚Dodang Elle‘ and also spelt 'Dodam Ella, literally translates to ‚orange waterfalls‘. The name refers to the red colour of the water after heavy rainfall, when lots of coppery soil is washed away by the Kuru Ganga originating from the mountain massif of Siri Pada (Adam’s Peak). Dodan Ella near Kuruwita in Ratnapura District is not often visited, although it’s not far ways from the very popular waterfalls of Bopath Ella.  

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Situlpahuwa - ancient temple ruins in Yala

2/25/2018

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main stupa of Situlpahuwa
Situlpahuwa ruins in Yala National Park
Situlpahuwa in the area of Yala National Park is probably the most attractive archaeological site in southern Sri Lanka. There are various spellings of the Sinhales name, for example Sithulpahuwa or Situlpawwa. The original Pali name of the ancient Buddhist monastery often mentioned in the chronicles was ‚Chittala Pabbatha‘, which translates to ‚hill of the calm mind‘. The name refers to legends of Arhats once inhabiting this lovely place. Situlpahuwa is said to have been inhabited by thousands of such enlightened beings at one time.

Situlpahuwa is a combination of ruins of ancient buildings, cave temples and restored stupas on summits of rocky hills. The valley in between the two major rocks of the former monastic compound has a picturesque ancient reservoir. Situlpahuwa is the finding place of several Buddhist statues from the Anuradhapura period, some of which are still in situ. They are influenced by Mahayana Buddhism. Important historical inscriptions, some of which attributed to the pre-Christian centuries, can be seen in Situlpahuwa, too.
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Nine Arches Bridge between Ella and Demodara

2/24/2018

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Nine Arches Bridge between Ella and Demodara
Situated at an elevation of 950 m above sea level, Nine Arches Bridge at Gotuwala near Demodara in the Uva highlands has become a popular hiking destination for holiday makers who stay in the nearby hill resort of Ella. Another English nickname of and  viaduct ist ‚bridge in the sky‘. The Sinhalese name however translates to ‚Nine Skies Bridge‘, referring to the visual effect that one can see the sky nine times through the arches when standing below the bridge. Ten trains cross Nine Arches Bridge daily. Cafes with vantage points can be visited on either side of the bridge.
 
With a height of 24.5 m and a total length of 91.4 m, this viaduct built during the British Colonial period and commsioned in 1921 is still the largest railway bridge in Sri Lanka. This massive bridge is built entirely of solid rocks, stone, bricks and cement. There is not used any steel for ist construction. One popular story explains this by claiming that when construction work was already started, World War I broke-out and that steel assigned for the viaduct was required for other projects. The construction work came to a halt. Hence the locals decided to build the viaduct in a different way without a single element of steel.
P.K. AppuhamiP.K. Appuhami, Sinhalese co-engineer of Nine Arches Bridge
P.K. Appuhami, born in 1870, had been popular drummer and dancer. When he lost a competition during a devil dance ceremony, he returned home in his traditional devil costume. The British construction workers at the brisge seeing him got frightened, but later on hired him as a labourer, who in the course of time turned out to be a talented engineer. Apuhami asked the British to hand over the difficult task of anchoring the bridge piers at the bottom of the boggy bottom. After being rejected for this task, Apuhami finally was entrusted with this engineering work. Starting in 1923, Apuhami mangaed to completed this work within a year. But the cost of the construction had turned out to be so low that the British railway enginieers doubted the structural integrity of the construction. Appuhami then lied down under one of the arches when the first train crossed the newly erected viaduct, as a prrof of trust in his engineering work.

Nine Arches railway bridge near Ella
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Galle Fort

2/23/2018

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fortifications of the Old town of Galle
sea side rampart of Galle Fort and Flag Rock Bastion
Galle Fort is one of the eight World Heritage Sites of Sri Lanka, it’s the best preserved fortified town from the Dutch colonial period in Asia. A first Galle Fort was originally built by the Portuguese in 1588, but it was the Dutch who enlarged and extensively fortified in the present dimensions in the second half of the 17th century. A guided walk or strolling around in the straight streets and on the ramparts are perfect ways to explore Galle Fort. Former stables are occupied by a colonial museums. Restaurants with a colonial ambiente can be found easily. Jewellery shops are abound in Galle, too. The luxurious Amangalla Hotel is at the site of the former gouvernor’s palace. Galle is the capital of Sri Lanka’s Southern Province and definitely a must-see for travellers who spend their holidays at the southwest coast of the beautiful island. The hinterland is the world’s largest are of cinnamon production.
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Buddhist Tooth Temple in Kandy

2/22/2018

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Tooth Temple in Kandy
front of the Tooth Relic Temple
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic in Kandy is commonly known as Tooth Temple. It’s also called Sri Dalada Maligawa by locals. It enshrines a canine of the historical Budhha Shakyamuni, one of the most venerated relics in the entire Buddhist world. Since the 4th century AD, this relic has played a major role in local ceremonies and became a kind of national palladium, as in the Middle Ages and modern period it has been believed that the holder of the  Tooth Relic is the chosen guardian of the faith and rightful ruler of the island and the city safekeeping the relic is the capital of the Buddhist nation. The Kandyan kings became the protectors of the Tooth Relic in the late 16th century. Kandy has therefore been regarded as the Sinhalese capital and the Tooth Temple formed a part of the royal palace.

The buildings of the Tooth Relic Temple in Kandy are mainly from the late 18th century, except from the wooden hall in the very centre, which keeps the Sacred Tooth and is crowned by a gilded canopy. This hall is from the 17th century, its two storeys are known as "Palle malaya" (lower floor) and "Udu malaya" (upper floor) or "Weda hitina maligawa". The entire complex of the Tooth Relic Temple together with the nearby Hindu Devales is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The best times to visit the temple are the three daily puja ceremonies. Foreign guests are welcome to join the celebrations taking place mainly in front of the upper floor of the wooden hall, if they are dressed properly and behave in a respectful way. Taking pictures of the ceremonies is permitted.
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Bopath Ella waterfalls near Ratnapura

2/21/2018

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Bopath Ella waterfalls near Ratnapura
Bopath Falls is a weekend destination popular with locals. The picturesque 30 m tall waterfalls are situated just outside Kuruwita in Ratnapura District. Bopath Ella translates to „Bot-tree-leaf waterfall“. The name refers to the eye-catching shape of the waterfalls, which resembles the leaf of the Sacred Fig, known as "Bo-tree“ in Sri Lanka or „Bodhi-tree“ in India. Local legends have it that Bopath Falls are haunted and hiding a treasure trove.

More about the waterfalls of Bopath Ella here...

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Veherabandigala in Kiralagala

2/20/2018

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meditation platform in Veherabandigala in Kiralagala
Pokuna in Veherabandigala in Kiralagala
The first huge temple complex that was developed into a Pansukulika monastery was called Veherabandigala in the Anuradhapura period. The modern name of the location is Kiralagala. Despite ist historical significance, the quit large archaeological site is far away from the tourist routes and therefore almost untouched. Besides doubled meditation platforms called Padhinagaras, which are typical of monasteries of the Pansukulika brotherhood, an Ayurvedic hospital is another type of structure usually found at sites inhabited by this specific group of monks. Another characteristic feature is a large pond. The bassin in Kiralagala is the largest of ist type. The occurence of a stupa, which is usually not found in Pansukulika compounds, indicates that this location was an ordinary monastery prior to ist transformation into one of the main complexes of the reform fraternity, besides Ritigala and Arankala and Manakanda and Anuradhapura’s Western monasteries. Read more...
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Magul Maha Vihara in Lahugala

2/19/2018

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Wedding terrace of Magul Maha Vihara in Lahugala
The Magul Maha Vihara, also spelt Maghul Maha Viharaya, is an ancient monastic complex situtated close to the small Lahugala-Kitulana National Park in the hinterland of Arugam Bay. Among the remnants of the Anuradhapura period, Magul Maha Vihara is one of the most fascinating archaeological sites in the southeast of Sri Lanka. ‘Magul’ means ‘wedding’ in Sinhala. The platform in the southwestern corner of the rectangular monastic complex is believed to be the location where the wedding of King Kavan Tissa from the southern kingdom of Rohana and Princess Viharamahadevi from Kelaniya near Colombo took place in the 2nd century BC. She will become the mother of Dutthagamani alias Dutugemunu, the most famous king of Sinhalese history. According to legend told in the Mahavamsa, Viharamaha Devi volunteered to sacrifice herself to the sea in order to appease the gods who punished her father’s kingdom by sending a tsunami. But the princess was safely carried in a golden vessel over the ocean, landing at a place near the Muhudu Maha Viharaya in Pottuvil (others say in Kirinda in the Southern Province), where the encounter between the local king and the beautiful princess took place. The marriage is said to have been celebrated in Lahugala on the platform now called Magul Maduwa or Magul Poruwa. It‘s namegiving to the entire ancient complex.
Magul Poruwa in the southwestern corner of the Magul Maha Vihara
Magul Poruwa in the southwestern corner of the Magul Maha Vihara
Magul Poruwa meaning platform for wedding celebrations
Magul Poruwa meaning platform for wedding celebrations
Actually, the buildings are not from the pre-Christian centuries but about one millennium younger, roughly from the late Anuradhapura period. An important stone inscription at the archaeological site dates to an even later period (14th century). The layout of the monastic complex is regular and follows a pattern called „Pabbata Vihara“, which became quite common in the Culturl triangle during the 7th and 8th century, but Magul Maha Vihara is one of the few examples of this systematically arranged monastic compounds in southern Sri Lanka.
Bodhigara atop the Magul Poruwa
Bodhigara atop the Magul Poruwa
Ghats at the pond of Magul Maha Vihara
Ghats at the pond of Magul Maha Vihara
paraket wall of the ancient Magul Maha Vihara
paraket wall of the ancient Magul Maha Vihara
image house of the Magul Maha Vihara
image house of the Magul Maha Vihara
A rectangular paraket wall in north-south direction surrounds the entire complex, which covers an extent of around 10,000 acres. The four major buildings of a monastery are arranged symmetrically in the four corners of the premises. Besides the chapter hall, which serves for the higher ceremonies of the monks, these edifices are dedicated to objects also venerated by lay persons (pilgrims and other guests of the monastery). These objects of veneration are a stupa, a Buddha statue inside a hall called image house (Pathimagara), and a platform for tree worship (Bodhigara). Most likely, the platform now called wedding terrace was the Bodhigara of the ancient monastery now called Magul Maha Vihara.
guard stone at the Magul Maha Vihara
Dvarapala statue at the Magul Maha Vihara
The moonstone (Sandakada Pahana) of the Magul Maha Vihara in Lahugala is of special interest for lovers of ancient Sinhala-Buddhist art. It’s the largest ancient moonstone with intricate carvings in the southern half of the the island. In fact, there are only very few carved moonstones in southern Sri Lanka. Hence, the moonstone of the Magul Maha Vihara is the best instance of this typical and classical sujet of Sri Lankan art, which is without equally elaborate paragons in India. There is one feature that can be seen nowhere else than in the Magul Maha Vihara. Elephant carvings are very common on classical Sri Lankan moonstones. But only in the Magul Maha Vihara the elephants are depicted with riders. Mahouts can usually not be seen on stone carvings from the Anuradhapura period and not on any other moonstone in the entire world.
moonstone of the Magul Maha Vihara in Lahugala
This belongs to the mid Anuradhapura period. Being one of the more attractive features of an edifice, the moonstone underwent development on a number of occasions and evolved into an exquisite artwork of delicate carvings by the mid Anuradhapura period. From among the carvings on the moonstone the tender leaf of the Ironwood tree, lotus petal motif, lotus flowers, animal figures etc. took a prominent place. However the moonstone in Magul Maha Vihara is unique among the moonstones found from numerous places in Sri Lanka. The design of a mahout riding the elephant depicted in this moonstone is an eminent feature. It is our duty to protext national archaeological heritage for the sake of present and future generations.
The above text in italic letters is cited from the signboard of Sri Lanka's Archaeological Department,
which is placed near the moonstone of the Madul Maha Vihara in Lahugala.
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